---
title: "Reading books"
documentId: "mdbook:guide/src/guide/reading.md"
order: 3
licenseSource: "mdbook-guide"
documentContext: [{"kind": "source", "html": "<p>mdBook 0.5.4 fixed documentation, MPL-2.0. <a href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/2ea30c00f00647d2b3f4c0f79b3e0e1eabc0b66d/guide/src/guide/reading.md\">Original chapter</a> · <a href=\"/docs/mdbook/source/v0-5-4/original/guide/src/guide/reading.md\">Original Markdown</a> · <a href=\"/docs/mdbook/source/v0-5-4/edited/en/30-guide-reading.md\">Editable Libx document</a> · <a href=\"/docs/mdbook/source/v0-5-4/mdbook-original.tar.gz\">Complete fixed upstream source</a>. · <a href=\"/docs/mdbook/source/v0-5-4/source.zip\">Editable source and build context</a>.</p>"}, {"kind": "editorial", "html": "<p>Original example assets retained. Rust logo: CC BY 4.0, unchanged, no affiliation or endorsement. Font Awesome SVG: CC BY 4.0; non-icon code: MIT. The original MIT wording and literal SVG example remain unchanged. Original example materials retain their separate terms; Libx provides an unofficial static edition.</p>"}, {"kind": "editorial", "html": "<p>Static Libx presentation: examples show their complete code, including lines hidden in the original demo. Editing, code execution and MathJax rendering are provided by the <a href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/2ea30c00f00647d2b3f4c0f79b3e0e1eabc0b66d/guide/src/guide/reading.md\">original project</a>; formula examples retain their original TeX notation here. The document text and expanded examples are retained. This is an unofficial Libx static edition. Original text and examples are preserved; translated pages are identified separately.</p>"}]
prev: {"text": "Installation", "link": "/v0-5-4/en/01-guide/29-guide-installation"}
next: {"text": "Creating a book", "link": "/v0-5-4/en/01-guide/28-guide-creating"}
---


<div class="mdbook-guide">
<h1 id="reading-books"><a class="header" href="#reading-books">Reading books</a></h1>
<p>This chapter gives an introduction on how to interact with a book produced by mdBook.
This assumes you are reading an HTML book.
The options and formatting will be different for other output formats such as PDF.</p>
<p>A book is organized into <em>chapters</em>.
Each chapter is a separate page.
Chapters can be nested into a hierarchy of sub-chapters.
Typically, each chapter will be organized into a series of <em>headings</em> to subdivide a chapter.</p>
<h2 id="navigation"><a class="header" href="#navigation">Navigation</a></h2>
<p>There are several methods for navigating through the chapters of a book.</p>
<p>The <strong>sidebar</strong> on the left provides a list of all chapters.
Clicking on any of the chapter titles will load that page.</p>
<p>The sidebar may not automatically appear if the window is too narrow, particularly on mobile displays.
In that situation, the menu icon (three horizontal bars) at the top-left of the page can be pressed to open and close the sidebar.</p>
<p>The <strong>arrow buttons</strong> at the bottom of the page can be used to navigate to the previous or the next chapter.</p>
<p>The <strong>left and right arrow keys</strong> on the keyboard can be used to navigate to the previous or the next chapter.</p>
<h2 id="top-menu-bar"><a class="header" href="#top-menu-bar">Top menu bar</a></h2>
<p>The menu bar at the top of the page provides some icons for interacting with the book.
The icons displayed will depend on the settings of how the book was generated.</p>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Icon</th><th>Description</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Opens and closes the chapter listing sidebar.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M371.3 367.1c27.3-3.9 51.9-19.4 67.2-42.9L600.2 74.1c12.6-19.5 9.4-45.3-7.6-61.2S549.7-4.4 531.1 9.6L294.4 187.2c-24 18-38.2 46.1-38.4 76.1L371.3 367.1zm-19.6 25.4l-116-104.4C175.9 290.3 128 339.6 128 400c0 3.9 .2 7.8 .6 11.6c1.8 17.5-10.2 36.4-27.8 36.4H96c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H240c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112c0-2.5-.1-5-.2-7.5z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Opens a picker to choose a different color theme.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352c79.5 0 144-64.5 144-144s-64.5-144-144-144S64 128.5 64 208s64.5 144 144 144z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Opens a search bar for searching within the book.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M128 0C92.7 0 64 28.7 64 64v96h64V64H354.7L384 93.3V160h64V93.3c0-17-6.7-33.3-18.7-45.3L400 18.7C388 6.7 371.7 0 354.7 0H128zM384 352v32 64H128V384 368 352H384zm64 32h32c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V256c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v96c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H64v64c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V384zm-16-88c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24s24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Instructs the web browser to print the entire book.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Opens a link to the website that hosts the source code of the book.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M421.7 220.3l-11.3 11.3-22.6 22.6-205 205c-6.6 6.6-14.8 11.5-23.8 14.1L30.8 511c-8.4 2.5-17.5 .2-23.7-6.1S-1.5 489.7 1 481.2L38.7 353.1c2.6-9 7.5-17.2 14.1-23.8l205-205 22.6-22.6 11.3-11.3 33.9 33.9 62.1 62.1 33.9 33.9zM96 353.9l-9.3 9.3c-.9 .9-1.6 2.1-2 3.4l-25.3 86 86-25.3c1.3-.4 2.5-1.1 3.4-2l9.3-9.3H112c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V353.9zM453.3 19.3l39.4 39.4c25 25 25 65.5 0 90.5l-14.5 14.5-22.6 22.6-11.3 11.3-33.9-33.9-62.1-62.1L314.3 67.7l11.3-11.3 22.6-22.6 14.5-14.5c25-25 65.5-25 90.5 0z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Opens a page to directly edit the source of the page you are currently reading.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Tapping the menu bar will scroll the page to the top.</p>
<h2 id="search"><a class="header" href="#search">Search</a></h2>
<p>Each book has a built-in search system.
Pressing the search icon <span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352c79.5 0 144-64.5 144-144s-64.5-144-144-144S64 128.5 64 208s64.5 144 144 144z"></path></svg></span> in the menu bar, or pressing the <kbd>/</kbd> or <kbd>S</kbd> key on the keyboard will open an input box for entering search terms.
Typing some terms will show matching chapters and sections in real time.</p>
<p>Clicking any of the results will jump to that section.
The up and down arrow keys can be used to navigate the results, and enter will open the highlighted section.</p>
<p>After loading a search result, the matching search terms will be highlighted in the text.
Clicking a highlighted word or pressing the <kbd>Escape</kbd> key will remove the highlighting.</p>
<h2 id="code-blocks"><a class="header" href="#code-blocks">Code blocks</a></h2>
<p>mdBook books are often used for programming projects, and thus support highlighting code blocks and samples.
Code blocks may contain several different icons for interacting with them:</p>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Icon</th><th>Description</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M502.6 70.63l-61.25-61.25C435.4 3.371 427.2 0 418.7 0H255.1c-35.35 0-64 28.66-64 64l.0195 256C192 355.4 220.7 384 256 384h192c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64V93.25C512 84.77 508.6 76.63 502.6 70.63zM464 320c0 8.836-7.164 16-16 16H255.1c-8.838 0-16-7.164-16-16L239.1 64.13c0-8.836 7.164-16 16-16h128L384 96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h47.1V320zM272 448c0 8.836-7.164 16-16 16H63.1c-8.838 0-16-7.164-16-16L47.98 192.1c0-8.836 7.164-16 16-16H160V128H63.99c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64l.0098 256C.002 483.3 28.66 512 64 512h192c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64v-32h-47.1L272 448z"></path></svg></span></td><td>Copies the code block into your local clipboard, to allow pasting into another application.</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M73 39c-14.8-9.1-33.4-9.4-48.5-.9S0 62.6 0 80V432c0 17.4 9.4 33.4 24.5 41.9s33.7 8.1 48.5-.9L361 297c14.3-8.7 23-24.2 23-41s-8.7-32.2-23-41L73 39z"></path></svg></span></td><td>For Rust code examples, this will execute the sample code and display the compiler output just below the example (see <a href="/docs/mdbook/v0-5-4/en/01-guide/22-format-mdbook/#rust-playground">playground</a>).</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M160 256C160 185.3 217.3 128 288 128C358.7 128 416 185.3 416 256C416 326.7 358.7 384 288 384C217.3 384 160 326.7 160 256zM288 336C332.2 336 368 300.2 368 256C368 211.8 332.2 176 288 176C287.3 176 286.7 176 285.1 176C287.3 181.1 288 186.5 288 192C288 227.3 259.3 256 224 256C218.5 256 213.1 255.3 208 253.1C208 254.7 208 255.3 208 255.1C208 300.2 243.8 336 288 336L288 336zM95.42 112.6C142.5 68.84 207.2 32 288 32C368.8 32 433.5 68.84 480.6 112.6C527.4 156 558.7 207.1 573.5 243.7C576.8 251.6 576.8 260.4 573.5 268.3C558.7 304 527.4 355.1 480.6 399.4C433.5 443.2 368.8 480 288 480C207.2 480 142.5 443.2 95.42 399.4C48.62 355.1 17.34 304 2.461 268.3C-.8205 260.4-.8205 251.6 2.461 243.7C17.34 207.1 48.62 156 95.42 112.6V112.6zM288 80C222.8 80 169.2 109.6 128.1 147.7C89.6 183.5 63.02 225.1 49.44 256C63.02 286 89.6 328.5 128.1 364.3C169.2 402.4 222.8 432 288 432C353.2 432 406.8 402.4 447.9 364.3C486.4 328.5 512.1 286 526.6 256C512.1 225.1 486.4 183.5 447.9 147.7C406.8 109.6 353.2 80 288 80V80z"></path></svg></span></td><td>For Rust code examples, this will toggle visibility of “hidden” lines. Sometimes, larger examples will hide lines which are not particularly relevant to what is being illustrated (see <a href="/docs/mdbook/v0-5-4/en/01-guide/22-format-mdbook/#hiding-code-lines">hiding code lines</a>).</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="fa-svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M75 75L41 41C25.9 25.9 0 36.6 0 57.9V168c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24H134.1c21.4 0 32.1-25.9 17-41l-30.8-30.8C155 85.5 203 64 256 64c106 0 192 86 192 192s-86 192-192 192c-40.8 0-78.6-12.7-109.7-34.4c-14.5-10.1-34.4-6.6-44.6 7.9s-6.6 34.4 7.9 44.6C151.2 495 201.7 512 256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0C185.3 0 121.3 28.7 75 75zm181 53c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24V256c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l72 72c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-65-65V152c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24z"></path></svg></span></td><td>For <a href="/docs/mdbook/v0-5-4/en/01-guide/25-format-theme-editor/">editable code examples</a>, this will undo any changes you have made.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018"><span data-mdbook-hidden-line="true">#!&#91;allow(unused)&#93;&#10;</span><span data-mdbook-hidden-line="true">fn main() {&#10;</span>println!("Hello, World!");&#10;<span data-mdbook-hidden-line="true">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
